Annual report [Section 13 and 15(d), not S-K Item 405]

Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

v3.25.4
Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Schedule of Defined Benefit Plans Disclosures
The Pension and Postretirement Plans table summarizes the changes in the fair value of plan assets, changes in the projected benefit obligation (PBO), the funded status of both the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and the PBO, and the weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations for the pension plans and postretirement plans at December 31, 2025 and 2024. The estimate of the Corporation’s PBO associated with these plans considers various actuarial assumptions, including assumptions for mortality rates and discount rates. The discount rate assumptions are derived from a cash flow matching technique that utilizes rates that are based on Aa-rated corporate bonds with cash flows that match estimated benefit payments of each of the plans. The decreases in the weighted-average discount rates in 2025 resulted in an increase to the PBO of $225 million at December 31, 2025. The increases in the weighted-average discount rates in 2024 resulted in a decrease to the PBO of $767 million at December 31, 2024. Significant gains and losses related to changes in the PBO for 2025 and 2024 primarily resulted from changes in the discount rate.
Pension and Postretirement Plans (1)
Qualified
Pension Plan
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans
Nonqualified and Other
Pension Plans
Postretirement
Health and Life Plans
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Fair value, January 1 $ 17,624  $ 17,632  $ 1,580  $ 1,779  $ 1,739  $ 1,849  $ 88  $ 98 
Actual return on plan assets 1,894  984  48  (103) 118  33  4 
Company contributions   —  30  24  79  80  36  16 
Plan participant contributions   —  2    —  115  106 
Settlements and curtailments   —  (1) (1)   —    — 
Benefits paid (1,096) (992) (88) (77) (217) (223) (153) (136)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes n/a n/a 118  (43) n/a n/a n/a n/a
Fair value, December 31 $ 18,422  $ 17,624  $ 1,689  $ 1,580  $ 1,719  $ 1,739  $ 90  $ 88 
Change in projected benefit obligation                
Projected benefit obligation, January 1 $ 11,105  $ 11,769  $ 1,769  $ 1,974  $ 1,966  $ 2,092  $ 640  $ 672 
Service cost   —  36  31    —  2 
Interest cost 608  587  92  86  104  103  35  33 
Plan participant contributions   —  2    —  115  106 
Plan amendments   —  3  (9)   —    — 
Settlements and curtailments   —  (1) (1)   —    — 
Actuarial loss (gain) 348  (259) (33) (185) 68  (6) 3  (37)
Benefits paid (1,096) (992) (88) (77) (217) (223) (153) (136)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes n/a n/a 115  (51) n/a n/a 2  — 
Projected benefit obligation, December 31 $ 10,965  $ 11,105  $ 1,895  $ 1,769  $ 1,921  $ 1,966  $ 644  $ 640 
Amounts recognized on Consolidated Balance Sheet
Other assets $ 7,457  $ 6,519  $ 245  $ 234  $ 448  $ 431  $   $ — 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities   —  (451) (423) (650) (658) (554) (552)
Net amount recognized, December 31 $ 7,457  $ 6,519  $ (206) $ (189) $ (202) $ (227) $ (554) $ (552)
Funded status, December 31                
Accumulated benefit obligation $ 10,965  $ 11,105  $ 1,811  $ 1,696  $ 1,921  $ 1,966  n/a n/a
Overfunded (unfunded) status of ABO 7,457  6,519  (122) (116) (202) (227) n/a n/a
Provision for future salaries   —  84  73    —  n/a n/a
Projected benefit obligation 10,965  11,105  1,895  1,769  1,921  1,966  $ 644  $ 640 
Weighted-average assumptions, December 31                
Discount rate 5.48  % 5.67  % 5.14  % 5.15  % 5.29  % 5.61  % 5.53  % 5.78  %
Rate of compensation increase n/a n/a 4.03  4.35  4.00  4.00  n/a n/a
Interest-crediting rate 5.41  % 5.42  % 2.31  2.08  4.61  4.73  n/a n/a
(1)The measurement date for all of the above plans was December 31 of each year reported.
n/a = not applicable
Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet
The Pension and Postretirement Plans table summarizes the changes in the fair value of plan assets, changes in the projected benefit obligation (PBO), the funded status of both the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and the PBO, and the weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations for the pension plans and postretirement plans at December 31, 2025 and 2024. The estimate of the Corporation’s PBO associated with these plans considers various actuarial assumptions, including assumptions for mortality rates and discount rates. The discount rate assumptions are derived from a cash flow matching technique that utilizes rates that are based on Aa-rated corporate bonds with cash flows that match estimated benefit payments of each of the plans. The decreases in the weighted-average discount rates in 2025 resulted in an increase to the PBO of $225 million at December 31, 2025. The increases in the weighted-average discount rates in 2024 resulted in a decrease to the PBO of $767 million at December 31, 2024. Significant gains and losses related to changes in the PBO for 2025 and 2024 primarily resulted from changes in the discount rate.
Pension and Postretirement Plans (1)
Qualified
Pension Plan
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans
Nonqualified and Other
Pension Plans
Postretirement
Health and Life Plans
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Fair value, January 1 $ 17,624  $ 17,632  $ 1,580  $ 1,779  $ 1,739  $ 1,849  $ 88  $ 98 
Actual return on plan assets 1,894  984  48  (103) 118  33  4 
Company contributions   —  30  24  79  80  36  16 
Plan participant contributions   —  2    —  115  106 
Settlements and curtailments   —  (1) (1)   —    — 
Benefits paid (1,096) (992) (88) (77) (217) (223) (153) (136)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes n/a n/a 118  (43) n/a n/a n/a n/a
Fair value, December 31 $ 18,422  $ 17,624  $ 1,689  $ 1,580  $ 1,719  $ 1,739  $ 90  $ 88 
Change in projected benefit obligation                
Projected benefit obligation, January 1 $ 11,105  $ 11,769  $ 1,769  $ 1,974  $ 1,966  $ 2,092  $ 640  $ 672 
Service cost   —  36  31    —  2 
Interest cost 608  587  92  86  104  103  35  33 
Plan participant contributions   —  2    —  115  106 
Plan amendments   —  3  (9)   —    — 
Settlements and curtailments   —  (1) (1)   —    — 
Actuarial loss (gain) 348  (259) (33) (185) 68  (6) 3  (37)
Benefits paid (1,096) (992) (88) (77) (217) (223) (153) (136)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes n/a n/a 115  (51) n/a n/a 2  — 
Projected benefit obligation, December 31 $ 10,965  $ 11,105  $ 1,895  $ 1,769  $ 1,921  $ 1,966  $ 644  $ 640 
Amounts recognized on Consolidated Balance Sheet
Other assets $ 7,457  $ 6,519  $ 245  $ 234  $ 448  $ 431  $   $ — 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities   —  (451) (423) (650) (658) (554) (552)
Net amount recognized, December 31 $ 7,457  $ 6,519  $ (206) $ (189) $ (202) $ (227) $ (554) $ (552)
Funded status, December 31                
Accumulated benefit obligation $ 10,965  $ 11,105  $ 1,811  $ 1,696  $ 1,921  $ 1,966  n/a n/a
Overfunded (unfunded) status of ABO 7,457  6,519  (122) (116) (202) (227) n/a n/a
Provision for future salaries   —  84  73    —  n/a n/a
Projected benefit obligation 10,965  11,105  1,895  1,769  1,921  1,966  $ 644  $ 640 
Weighted-average assumptions, December 31                
Discount rate 5.48  % 5.67  % 5.14  % 5.15  % 5.29  % 5.61  % 5.53  % 5.78  %
Rate of compensation increase n/a n/a 4.03  4.35  4.00  4.00  n/a n/a
Interest-crediting rate 5.41  % 5.42  % 2.31  2.08  4.61  4.73  n/a n/a
(1)The measurement date for all of the above plans was December 31 of each year reported.
n/a = not applicable
Schedule of Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets
Pension Plans with ABO and PBO in excess of plan assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are presented in the table below. For these plans, funding strategies vary due to legal requirements and local practices.
Plans with ABO and PBO in Excess of Plan Assets
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans
Nonqualified
and Other
Pension Plans
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
PBO $ 517  $ 496  $ 651  $ 659 
ABO 445  433  651  659 
Fair value of plan assets 67  75    — 
Schedule of Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets
Pension Plans with ABO and PBO in excess of plan assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are presented in the table below. For these plans, funding strategies vary due to legal requirements and local practices.
Plans with ABO and PBO in Excess of Plan Assets
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans
Nonqualified
and Other
Pension Plans
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024
PBO $ 517  $ 496  $ 651  $ 659 
ABO 445  433  651  659 
Fair value of plan assets 67  75    — 
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
  Qualified Pension Plan Non-U.S. Pension Plans
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2023 2025 2024 2023
Components of net periodic benefit cost (income)
Service cost $   $ —  $ —  $ 36  $ 31  $ 27 
Interest cost 608  587  616  92  86  80 
Expected return on plan assets (1,188) (1,206) (1,191) (77) (89) (72)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain) and prior service cost 144  134  94  17  16  11 
Recognized loss (gain) due to settlements, curtailments, and other   —  —    (1)
Net periodic benefit cost (income) $ (436) $ (485) $ (481) $ 68  $ 43  $ 47 
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net cost for years ended December 31
           
Discount rate 5.67  % 5.13  % 5.54  % 5.15  % 4.48  % 4.59  %
Expected return on plan assets 6.50  6.50  6.50  4.79  5.18  4.17 
Rate of compensation increase n/a n/a n/a 4.35  4.33  4.25 
Nonqualified and
Other Pension Plans
Postretirement Health
and Life Plans
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2023 2025 2024 2023
Components of net periodic benefit cost (income)
Service cost $   $ —  $ —  $ 2  $ $
Interest cost 104  103  111  35  33  36 
Expected return on plan assets (94) (90) (97) (2) (3) (2)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain) and prior service cost 36  33  29  (34) (35) (78)
Net periodic benefit cost (income) $ 46  $ 46  $ 43  $ 1  $ (3) $ (42)
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net cost for years ended December 31
           
Discount rate 5.61  % 5.19  % 5.58  % 5.71  % 5.17  % 5.56  %
Expected return on plan assets 5.26  4.73  4.98  3.40  3.40  2.00 
Rate of compensation increase 4.00  4.00  4.00  n/a n/a n/a
n/a = not applicable
Schedule of Pretax Amounts Included in Accumulated OCI
The Corporation’s net periodic benefit cost (income) recognized for the plans is sensitive to the discount rate and expected return on plan assets. For the Qualified Pension Plan, Non-U.S. Pension Plans, Nonqualified and Other Pension Plans, and Postretirement Health and Life Plans, a 25 bps decline in discount rates and expected return on assets would not have had a significant impact on the net periodic benefit cost for 2025.
Pretax Amounts included in Accumulated OCI and OCI
  Qualified
Pension Plan
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans
Nonqualified
and Other
Pension Plans
Postretirement
Health and
Life Plans
Total
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Net actuarial loss (gain) $ 4,398  $ 4,901  $ 447  $ 468  $ 878  $ 870  $ (93) $ (128) $ 5,630  $ 6,111 
Prior service cost (credits)   —  39  36    —    —  39  36 
Amounts recognized in accumulated OCI $ 4,398  $ 4,901  $ 486  $ 504  $ 878  $ 870  $ (93) $ (128) $ 5,669  $ 6,147 
Current year actuarial loss (gain) $ (359) $ (37) $ (4) $ $ 44  $ 51  $ 1  $ (38) $ (318) $ (19)
Amortization of actuarial gain (loss) and
prior service cost
(144) (134) (17) (16) (36) (33) 34  35  (163) (148)
Current year prior service cost (credit)   —  3  (9)   —    —  3  (9)
Amounts recognized in OCI $ (503) $ (171) $ (18) $ (20) $ 8  $ 18  $ 35  $ (3) $ (478) $ (176)
Schedule of Pretax Amounts Recognized in OCI
The Corporation’s net periodic benefit cost (income) recognized for the plans is sensitive to the discount rate and expected return on plan assets. For the Qualified Pension Plan, Non-U.S. Pension Plans, Nonqualified and Other Pension Plans, and Postretirement Health and Life Plans, a 25 bps decline in discount rates and expected return on assets would not have had a significant impact on the net periodic benefit cost for 2025.
Pretax Amounts included in Accumulated OCI and OCI
  Qualified
Pension Plan
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans
Nonqualified
and Other
Pension Plans
Postretirement
Health and
Life Plans
Total
(Dollars in millions) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Net actuarial loss (gain) $ 4,398  $ 4,901  $ 447  $ 468  $ 878  $ 870  $ (93) $ (128) $ 5,630  $ 6,111 
Prior service cost (credits)   —  39  36    —    —  39  36 
Amounts recognized in accumulated OCI $ 4,398  $ 4,901  $ 486  $ 504  $ 878  $ 870  $ (93) $ (128) $ 5,669  $ 6,147 
Current year actuarial loss (gain) $ (359) $ (37) $ (4) $ $ 44  $ 51  $ 1  $ (38) $ (318) $ (19)
Amortization of actuarial gain (loss) and
prior service cost
(144) (134) (17) (16) (36) (33) 34  35  (163) (148)
Current year prior service cost (credit)   —  3  (9)   —    —  3  (9)
Amounts recognized in OCI $ (503) $ (171) $ (18) $ (20) $ 8  $ 18  $ 35  $ (3) $ (478) $ (176)
Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets
The target allocations for 2026 by asset category for the Qualified Pension Plan, Non-U.S. Pension Plans, and Nonqualified and Other Pension Plans are presented in the table below. Equity securities for the Qualified Pension Plan include common stock of the Corporation in the amounts of $491 million (2.66 percent of total plan assets) and $386 million (2.19 percent of total plan assets) at December 31, 2025 and 2024.
2026 Target Allocation
Percentage
Asset Category Qualified
Pension Plan
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans
Nonqualified
and Other
Pension Plans
Equity securities
10 - 40%
0 - 10%
0 - 5%
Debt securities
50 - 85%
50 - 85%
95 - 100%
Real estate
0 - 10%
0 - 10%
0 - 5%
Other
0 - 10%
10 - 35%
0 - 5%
Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets Combined plan investment assets measured at fair value by level and in total at December 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized in the Fair Value Measurements table.
Fair Value Measurements
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(Dollars in millions) December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Money market and interest-bearing cash $ 1,171  $   $   $ 1,171  $ 1,103  $ —  $ —  $ 1,103 
U.S. government and government agency obligations 3,852  805  2  4,659  3,875  754  4,632 
Corporate debt   2,775    2,775  —  2,931  —  2,931 
Non-U.S. debt securities 501  785    1,286  474  889  —  1,363 
Asset-backed securities   1,135    1,135  —  1,361  —  1,361 
Mutual and exchange-traded funds 1,074      1,074  920  —  —  920 
Collective investment funds   2,834    2,834  —  2,670  —  2,670 
Common and preferred stocks 4,499      4,499  3,795  —  —  3,795 
Real estate investment trusts 37      37  36  —  —  36 
Participant loans     6  6  —  — 
Other investments (1)
1  18  471  490  11  451  463 
Total plan investment assets, at fair value (2)
$ 11,135  $ 8,352  $ 479  $ 19,966  $ 10,204  $ 8,616  $ 460  $ 19,280 
(1)Other investments includes insurance annuity contracts of $452 million and $432 million and other various investments of $38 million and $31 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024.
(2)At December 31, 2025 and 2024, excludes $2.0 billion and $1.8 billion of certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are not required to be classified in the fair value hierarchy.
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments
Benefit payments projected to be made from the Qualified Pension Plan, Non-U.S. Pension Plans, Nonqualified and Other Pension Plans, and Postretirement Health and Life Plans are presented in the table below.
Projected Benefit Payments
(Dollars in millions)
Qualified
Pension Plan (1)
Non-U.S.
Pension Plans (2)
Nonqualified
and Other
Pension Plans (2)
Postretirement Health and Life Plans (3)
2026 $ 904  $ 112  $ 230  $ 64 
2027 919  114  221  62 
2028 911  120  211  60 
2029 905  127  200  58 
2030 878  131  190  56 
2031-2035 4,166  686  778  247 
(1)Benefit payments expected to be made from the plan’s assets.
(2)Benefit payments expected to be made from a combination of the plans’ and the Corporation’s assets.
(3)Benefit payments (net of retiree contributions) expected to be made from a combination of the plans’ and the Corporation’s assets.